HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Shoots and roots of plants increase in length through rapid cell division in a tissue called the apical meristem, which is a small zone of cells found at the shoot tip or root tip . The apical meristem is made of undifferentiated cells that continue to proliferate throughout the life of the plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Apical meristems occur at the growing shoot and root tips (Figure 20.21). Root apical meristems produce the root cap, which consists of lubricated cells that are sloughed off as the meristem is pushed through the soil by cell division and elongation in more proximal cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -The zone of cellular division, which contains the apical meristem, is the location immediately behind the root cap where cells are actively dividing via mitosis. The zone of cellular elongation is the location where the newly formed cells are growing, or increasing in length, to add length to the root.

Detailed explanation-4: -The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a group of proliferating, embryonic-type cells that generates the aerial parts of the plant. SAMs are highly organized and stable structures that can function for years or even centuries.

Detailed explanation-5: -Meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells found in root and shoot tips. As growth occurs, meristematic tissue differentiates into permanent tissue, which is categorized as either simple or complex.