HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can reproduce vegetatively, as exemplified by the walking fern.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reproduction by Spores Ferns and horsetails have two free-living generations: a diploid sporophyte generation (spore-producing plant) and. a haploid gametophyte generation (gamete-producing plant).

Detailed explanation-3: -Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. They contain two types of vascular tissue that are needed to move substances throughout the plant. Evolutionarily, this addition of vascular tissue to plants is what allowed ferns to grow up and out rather than just spreading along the ground.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vascular plants that reproduce by the use of spores are characterized as ferns.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with spores and are found in moist environments.