HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Plant Breeding Objectives To increase the crop yield. To raise plants with desired characteristics. To develop a disease-resistant crop. To develop plants that can tolerate extreme environmental stress.

Detailed explanation-2: -Resistance breeding is an important strategy for reducing crop losses caused by disease. The innate immune system allows plants to recognize their pathogens, often providing strong levels of resistance. Such qualitative resistance is, however, often rapidly overcome as pathogens evolve to evade recognition.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mutation can be induced in the plants to create the desired genetic variation resulting in the formation of a new characteristic that imparts disease resistance, not found elsewhere. Other methods like selection among somaclonal variants and genetic engineering are also useful in developing disease resistant varieties.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antibiosis refers to the adverse effect of host plant on the development and reproduction of insect pests which feed on resistant plant.