HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Guard cells form epidermal stomatal gas exchange valves in plants and regulate the aperture of stomatal pores in response to changes in the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in leaves.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon dioxide and oxygen cannot pass through the cuticle, but move in and out of leaves through openings called stomata (stoma = “hole"). Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. When stomata are open to allow gases to cross the leaf surface, the plant loses water vapor to the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-3: -Upon the incoming of water inside the guard cells, they swell up to become like a curved banana surface, due to which the stomatal pore opens up. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and straight and thus, close the stomatal aperture.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can travel through tiny holes underneath the leaf called stomata . Carbon dioxide diffuses into the cells found within the leaf to help carry out the process of photosynthesis, whilst oxygen is released from these cells as a product of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata.