HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can reproduce vegetatively, as exemplified by the walking fern.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reproduction by Spores Plants we see as ferns or horsetails are the sporophyte generation. The sporophyte generally releases spores in the summer. Spores must land on a suitable surface, such as a moist protected area to germinate and grow into gametophytes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ferns. Ferns belong to an ancient group of plants that developed before flowering plants, and they do not produce flowers and therefore do not produce seed.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ferns have spores instead of seeds. Ferns reproduce asexually, which means they don’t require fertilization. This is why they don’t have flowers.

Detailed explanation-5: -Final answer: Ferns and mosses reproduce by spores.