HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Plants we see as ferns or horsetails are the sporophyte generation. The sporophyte generally releases spores in the summer. Spores must land on a suitable surface, such as a moist protected area to germinate and grow into gametophytes .

Detailed explanation-2: -Ferns do not flower but reproduce sexually from spores. There are two distinct stages of the fern life cycle. Mature plants produce spores on the underside of the leaves.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can reproduce vegetatively, as exemplified by the walking fern.

Detailed explanation-4: -Explanation of correct answer: Reproduction is the production of new individuals from their parents. The spores are asexual reproductive bodies covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavorable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity. The plants such as ferns reproduce by means of spores.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fern Sori. Sori (singular: sorus) are groups of sporangia (singular: sporangium), which contain spores. Sori are usually found on the underside of the blade.