HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -CAM plants uptake CO2 with nocturnal stomatal conductance followed by fixation of carbon into malic acid by PEP carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase. Substantial amount of malic acid is accumulated overnight. Stomata are closed next morning and malic acid is decarboxylated to release CO2.

Detailed explanation-2: -Therefore by approximately 1980, CAM photosynthesis finally was rigorously outlined. In a nutshell, 24-hour CAM occurs by phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase fixing CO(2)(HCO(3) (-)) over the night to form malic acid that is stored in plant cell vacuoles.

Detailed explanation-3: -CAM plants temporally separate carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle. Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves during the night (when stomata are open) and is fixed into oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase, which attaches the carbon dioxide to the three-carbon molecule PEP.

Detailed explanation-4: -In plants showing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), malate is accumulated as a central intermediary in the process of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, and it is also one of the major charge-balancing anions present in the vacuole.

Detailed explanation-5: -Although the biochemistry of CAM plants is similar to that of C4 plants, the two carboxylations are now separated in time rather than in space. Malic acid is synthesized from carbohydrates, via PEP carboxylase, at night, and is stored in the vacuole.