HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Mass flow or bulk flow is the movement down a pressure gradient ( a pressure gradient in plants is observed due to variations in solute concentration) or temperature gradient of substances in bulk or in masses. Xylem and phloem in plants play a similar role as veins and arteries in animals.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mass flow is the movement of dissolved nutrients into a plant as the plant absorbs water for transpiration. The process is responsible for most transport of nitrate, sulfate, calcium and magnesium. Diffusion is the movement of nutrients to the root surface in response to a concentration gradient.

Detailed explanation-3: -Assertion : Mass or bulk flow is the movement of substance en masse from one point to another, as a result of pressure difference between the two points. Reason: It can be achieved only through positive hydrostatic pressure.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bulk flow is the type of transport in bulk and transports large substances like lipids and food particles. It is an energy-consuming transport. Hence, bulk flow is a means of active transport.

Detailed explanation-5: -Movement of substances in ‘Bulk’(large amount) can be achieved by ‘Root pressure’ (positive hydrostatic pressure e.g., Garden hose) and Transpiration pull(Negative hydrostatic pressure e.g., Suction through a straw).