HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -All the minerals cannot be transported passively in the roots as the concentration is low in the soil and moreover they are present as a charged particle, which cannot cross the cell membrane. These are actively transported in the roots using energy stored as ATP.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plants use their roots to acquire nutrients from the soil. Minerals must enter the roots through active transport while water enters roots through osmosis. Plants obtain raw materials from the environment.

Detailed explanation-3: -An example is the sodium-calcium exchanger or antiporter, which allows three sodium ions into the cell to transport one calcium out. This antiporter mechanism is important within the membranes of cardiac muscle cells in order to keep the calcium concentration in the cytoplasm low.

Detailed explanation-4: -This movement of mineral ions into root cells as a result of diffusion is called passive absorption. Thus the correct answer is option “c".