HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma). Normally stomata open when the light strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the night.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is availed to plants via the diffusion process. The carbon dioxide gas is in low concentration inside the plant leaves tissues, and therefore, it diffuses from the atmosphere into the leaves through the stomata.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the day carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf through the stomata which is needed for photosynthesis. When cells in the leaf photosynthesise during the day, they will produce the oxygen needed for the plant to respire, therefore more oxygen is not required to diffuse into the leaf from the air.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: The three major substances that can pass through a plant’s stomata are water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Guard cells help regulate the plant’s water loss and can control how much of these substances are able to enter and exit by opening and closing the pore.