HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The xylem and phloem are two conducting tissues present in plants. Xylem conducts minerals and water only in the upward direction i.e. from the roots towards the stem. The phloem transports food material from leaves to other parts of the plant body. It can conduct food in both directions.

Detailed explanation-2: -The xylem distributes water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant, from the roots to the leaves. The phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots. Xylem cells constitute the major part of a mature woody stem or root.

Detailed explanation-3: -Conclusions-phloem transports organic materials from sites of production (called a source) to a site of need (called a sink). Thus, the typical direction of transport is downward from the primary source (leaves) to the major sink (roots).

Detailed explanation-4: -Translocation is the movement of sucrose around a plant from a source to a sink. It’s bidirectional, which means it can transport substances both up and down the plant. Translocation occurs in a specialized tissue called the phloem, which consists of sieve tube elements and companion cells.