HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -In certain species, including cereals, the endosperm stores reserves in the form of starch, proteins and lipids. The endosperm constitutes the edible part of the cereal seed and as such sustains directly or indirectly (via animal food) > 60% of human nutrition.

Detailed explanation-2: -The endosperm plays an important role in supporting embryonic growth by supplying nutrients, protecting the embryo and controlling embryo growth by acting as a mechanical barrier during seed development and germination.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread (the rest of the grain is included as well in whole wheat flour), while barley endosperm is the main source of sugars for beer production. Other examples of endosperm that forms the bulk of the edible portion are coconut “meat” and coconut “water", and corn.

Detailed explanation-4: -Endosperm is the most important plant product on Earth for humans. Two thirds of all human calories come from endosperm. In one form or another cereal grains, the one-seeded fruits of grasses, which include rice, wheat, maize, rye, oats, and barley, constitute the majority of human food.

Detailed explanation-5: -The seeds which have endosperm are known as albuminous seeds. Endosperm is a special nourishing tissue present in the seed for the food storage. It will remain persistent till maturity. In albuminous seeds, food is stored in the endosperm so the cotyledons are small and thin compared to exalbuminous seeds.