HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Germination is usually the growth of a plant contained within a seed; it results in the formation of the seedling. It is also the process of reactivation of metabolic machinery of the seed resulting in the emergence of radicle and plumule.

Detailed explanation-2: -Dormancy helps keep seeds viable during unfavorable conditions. Germination occurs when the embryo, which is dormant within a mature seed, resumes growth upon a return to favorable conditions. The embryo becomes a young seedling that is no longer confined within the seed coat.

Detailed explanation-3: -The postembryonic phase of plant development begins with germination. Some dormant seeds require a period of after-ripening during which low-level metabolic activities continue to prepare the embryo for germination.

Detailed explanation-4: -Seed germination may be considered to be resumption of embryo growth resulting in seed coat rupture and emergence of the young plant. Growth of the embryo requires both cell division and elongation, cell division occurring first in some species and cell elongation in others.

Detailed explanation-5: -The root is the first to emerge from the seed. As it grows, it anchors the plant to the ground, and begins absorbing water through the root. After the root absorbs water, the shoot begins to emerge from the seed.