HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Species that arrive first in a newly created environment (such as an island rising out of the sea) are called pioneer species, and they, through their interactions with one another, build a rather simple initial biological community.

Detailed explanation-2: -The term pioneer is used to describe the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance. Although the term is usually applied to plants, microbial and invertebrate pioneer species are also sometimes recognized.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lichens, fungi, bacteria, fireweed, grasses, alder, and willow are examples of pioneer species.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary Succession Examples Often, the first entities to appear in the regions of the primary succession are lichens or mosses and are referred to as pioneer species as they are the first species found.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens. These organisms are known as pioneer species because they are the first species present; pioneer species must be hardy and strong, just like human pioneers.