HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Translocation occurs in the phloem tissue, which consists of tube-like structures called phloem vessels. These phloem vessels run from the leaves into every other part of the plant and are responsible for transporting dissolved organic solutes, such as sucrose and amino acids, from the sources to the sinks.

Detailed explanation-2: -Any change in pressure at one end of the transport vessel will result in an equal change in pressure at the other end of the transport vessel. This allows phloem sap to move up or down, with or against gravity, as it moves from source to sink. State that sucrose is the most prevalent solute in phloem sap.

Detailed explanation-3: -The phloem carries food downward from the leaves to the roots. Xylem cells constitute the major part of a mature woody stem or root. They are stacked end to end in the center of the plant, forming a vertical column that conducts water and minerals absorbed by the roots upward through the stem to the leaves.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is important to the plant that the phloem moves both up and down because the movement of food and nutrients created during photosynthesis throughout the plant is accomplished by the phloem.

Detailed explanation-5: -Food and other organic substances (e.g., some plant hormones and even messenger RNAs) manufactured in the cells of the plant are transported in the phloem. Sugars (usually sucrose), amino acids and other organic molecules enter the sieve elements through plasmodesmata connecting them to adjacent companion cells.