HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -There are many signals that regulate the molecular biology of the process. The following three genes in Arabidopsis thaliana possess both common and independent functions in floral transition: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), LEAFY (LFY), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1, also called AGAMOUS-LIKE20).

Detailed explanation-2: -Prolongation of the continuous dark period initiates early flowering. These plants require longer day light period (usually 14-16 hours) in a 24 hours cycle for subsequent flowering. These plants are also called as short night plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -The floral meristem identity gene LFY is upregulated at the transcriptional level by GA. The flowering-time gene SOC1 is also upregulated by GA, whereas FPF1 and GA-MYB were proposed to mediate between GAs and the regulation of flowering time.

Detailed explanation-4: -Intensive genetic and molecular analyses have identified four major flowering pathways, namely the photoperiod, autonomous, gibberellin, and vernalization pathways, in plants (Kim et al.