HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The pathway of electron flow starts at photosystem II, which is homologous to the photosynthetic reaction center of R. viridis already described. However, at photosystem II the energy derived from absorption of photons is used to split water molecules to molecular oxygen and protons (see Figure 10.22).

Detailed explanation-2: -In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the “standard” form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP .

Detailed explanation-3: -Two biochemical pathways make up photosynthesis: Light-dependent reactions that use visible light energy to remove electrons from water, reduce electron carriers, pump protons and make ATP; Light-independent reactions that use ATP to transfer electrons from the reduced electron carriers to CO2 to synthesize glucose.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Z scheme shows the pathway of electron transfer from water to NADP+. Using this pathway, plants transform light energy into “electrical” energy (electron flow) and hence into chemical energy as reduced NADPH and ATP.