HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Water is essential for reproduction in bryophytes for fertilisation. Water is required for the flagellated sperms of bryophytes to reach the egg for fertilisation.

Detailed explanation-2: -In early land plants, such as ferns, lycopods, horsetails and bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts), fertilization depends on a continuous layer of moisture, making these taxa poorly adapted to terrestrial conditions that experience extended dry periods (Longton & Schuster, 1983; Glime, 2013).

Detailed explanation-3: -They require a moist environment for reproduction. Their flagellated sperms swim through water to arrive at the egg. Mosses are required to be closer to a water source.

Detailed explanation-4: -Like the bryophytes, ferns and fern allies are still restricted to moist habitats. Their flagellated sperm need a thin film of water to swim between the antheridium and the archegonium. And when the baby sporophyte grows up from the gametophyte, it is exposed to desiccation (drying up).

Detailed explanation-5: -Fungi, moss and fern all three reproduce by a common method of asexual reproduction which is called spore formation. Spore formation occurs in non-flowering plants. Spore are minute structures that are produced by the parent plant and are released into the air.