HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Seedless vascular plants reproduce through unicellular, haploid spores instead of seeds; the lightweight spores allow for easy dispersion in the wind. Seedless vascular plants require water for sperm motility during reproduction and, thus, are often found in moist environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -The life cycle of a seedless plant starts with the mature fern frond, which has groups of sporangia on its underside called sori. Haploid spores are produced within the sori by the process of meiosis and are released into the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-3: -In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of leaves. The spores develop into tiny, separate gametophytes, from which the next generation of sporophyte plants grows.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bryophytes absorb water and nutrients directly through the surface of the plant. Because they don’t have vascular tissue, the absorbed water and nutrients are only available to the parts of the plant that are adjacent to the point of absorption.