HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Transpiration serves to evaporatively cool plants, as the evaporating water carries away heat energy due to its large latent heat of vaporization of 2260 kJ per liter. More leaves (or spines, or other photosynthesizing organs) means a bigger surface area and more stomata for gaseous exchange.

Detailed explanation-2: -Much of the water that soaks into the soil from irrigation or rain ultimately returns the the atmosphere as water vapor through direct evaporation from the surface or by transpiration through plant leaves as the plants use the water for growth and seed production.

Detailed explanation-3: -Evaporation from the mesophyll cells produces a negative water potential gradient that causes water to move upwards from the roots through the xylem. Inside the leaf at the cellular level, water on the surface of mesophyll cells saturates the cellulose microfibrils of the primary cell wall.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transpiration occurs when plants take up liquid water from the soil and release water vapor into the air from their leaves.

Detailed explanation-5: -Water is necessary for photosynthesis, which is how plants use energy from the sun to create their own food. During this process, plants use carbon dioxide from the air and hydrogen from the water absorbed through their roots and release oxygen as a byproduct. This exchange occurs through pore-like stoma on the leaves.