HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The inner walls of the xylem vessels are strengthened by the deposits of a substance called Lignin. Lignin is a tough and rigid substance; it prevents the vessel from collapsing. Companion cells-These cells are found inside the phloem of angiosperms.

Detailed explanation-2: -Xylem is a tissue consisting of dead, hollowed-out cells that form a system of pipes. The walls of xylem cells are lignified (strengthened with a substance called lignin ). This allows the xylem to withstand pressure changes as water moves through the plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Xylem consists of dead cells. The cells that make up the xylem are adapted to their function: They lose their end walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube. They become strengthened by a substance called lignin .

Detailed explanation-4: -Lignin provides mechanical strength and resistance against pathogens, and makes the cell walls impermeable to water, thus enabling the transport of solutes via tracheids in the xylem tissue.

Detailed explanation-5: -The cell wall also contains a tough, woody substance called lignin, which strengthens the xylem vessel and provides structure and support to the plant.