HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -A gene gun and a virus may both be classified as vectors because they are mechanisms by which foreign DNA may be transferred into a host cell. Transgenic organisms are produced when DNA from another species is inserted into the genome of an organism, which then begins to use the foreign DNA as its own.

Detailed explanation-2: -The principle of gene gun is to deliver nucleic acids by bombarding target cells with nucleic acid-coated gold particles at high velocity (pressurized inert gas or high-voltage electronic discharge).

Detailed explanation-3: -To introduce an alien DNA, undifferentiated plant cells are the most suitable host cells for the gene guns.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genetic material can be transferred via a vector that is defined as the vehicle that is used to deliver the gene of interest. The ideal vector would transfer a precise amount of genetic material into each target cell, thereby allowing for expression of the gene product without causing toxicity.

Detailed explanation-5: -A gene gun is used for delivery of exogenous DNA to cells. This method is known as ‘biolistics’. Gene guns can be used effectively on most cells but are mainly used on plant cells.