HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The Human Genome Project is an international research project whose primary mission is to decipher the chemical sequence of the complete human genetic material (i.e., the entire genome), identify all 50, 000 to 100, 000 genes contained within the genome, and provide research tools to analyze all this genetic information.

Detailed explanation-2: -A huge breakthrough in medicine has been the ability to sequence the DNA in cancer cells. The sequence can be compared to the sequence found by the Human Genome Project. This allows scientists to work out which genes are mutated and this gives them ideas for developing medicines.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA sequencing involves determining the exact order of the bases in DNA-the As, Cs, Gs and Ts that make up segments of DNA. Because the Human Genome Project aimed to sequence all of the DNA (i.e., the genome) of a set of organisms, significant effort was made to improve the methods for DNA sequencing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of their clinical care (e.g. for diagnostic or therapeutic decision-making) and the health outcomes and policy implications of that clinical use.

Detailed explanation-5: -The HGP benefited biology and medicine by creating a sequence of the human genome; sequencing model organisms; developing high-throughput sequencing technologies; and examining the ethical and social issues implicit in such technologies.