HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -In C4 plants the photosynthesis takes place in a thin-walled mesophyll cell and a 4-carbon acid is handed off to a thick-walled bundle sheath cell, where the Calvin cycle occurs in a chloroplast of that second cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -C4 plants have a distinctive leaf anatomy (Kranz anatomy), with chloroplast-rich bundle-sheath cells, which form a gas-tight cylinder surrounding the vascular bundle.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Calvin cycle takes place in the bundle sheath cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -These cells form several layers around the vascular bundles. They are characterized by a large number of chloroplasts, thick walls and do not allow gaseous exchange to take place. They have no intercellular spaces. The Calvin cycle takes place in these cells in C4 plants.

Detailed explanation-5: -In C4 photosynthesis, where a four-carbon compound is produced, unique leaf anatomy allows carbon dioxide to concentrate in ‘bundle sheath’ cells around Rubisco. This structure delivers carbon dioxide straight to Rubisco, effectively removing its contact with oxygen and the need for photorespiration.