HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -In 1978, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Werner Arber, who predicted the existence of restriction enzymes, Hamilton Smith, who discovered the first Type II restriction enzyme, and Nathans, who demonstrated how to use the restriction enzymes to analyze viral DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -The discovery of restriction enzymes began with a hypothesis. In the 1960s, Werner Arber observed a dramatic change in the bacteriophage DNA after it invaded these resistant strains of bacteria: It was degraded and cut into pieces.

Detailed explanation-3: -Werner Arber, Dan Nathans and Hamilton Smith for the discovery of “restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”.