HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Plasmids are extra-chromosomal small circular DNAs that are capable of replicating independently of the host, and are present throughout a variety of different microorganisms, most notably bacteria.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bacteria share the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance through circular pieces of DNA called plasmids, but the process of their transfer in the host is complex. New findings in mSphere suggest that the genetic makeup of the host organism can influence the transfer of plasmids.

Detailed explanation-3: -At their most basic level, plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that replicate independently from the host’s chromosomal DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasmid DNA is used for a number of downstream applications such as transfection, sequencing, screening clones, restriction digestion, cloning, and PCR. A number of methods have been developed for the purification of plasmid DNA from bacteria.