HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Scientists had been able to add new genes to bacterial cells for several years. In the early 1980s, they figured out how to add stably-inherited new genes to animals. The first such “transgenic animals” were mice and fruit flies.

Detailed explanation-2: -History. In 1974 Beatrice Mintz and Rudolf Jaenisch created the first genetically modified animal by inserting a DNA virus into an early-stage mouse embryo and showing that the inserted genes were present in every cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -The transgene is the foreign gene that is inserted, and the transgenic animal is the one whose genome has been transformed. The genes are handed down through the generations. Mouse is the first transgenic animal.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transgenic animals are animals (most commonly mice) that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Such animals are most commonly created by the microinjection of DNA into the pronuclei of a fertilised egg which is subsequently implanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant surrogate mother.

Detailed explanation-5: -In collaboration, Dr. Gordon and Dr. Ruddle produced the first “transgenic” animal. They generated a mouse in which specified foreign genes were inserted into its genome and transmitted to offspring, indicating stable inheritance.