HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Mastitis causes decreased milk production. Transgenic dairy cows that secrete lysostaphin into their milk have higher resistance to mastitis due to the protection provided by lysostaphin, which kills the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, in a dose-dependent manner (Donovan et al. 2005).

Detailed explanation-2: -The main advantages of making therapeutic proteins in transgenic cows are: capacity – large amounts of protein are produced – the average dairy cow can produce more therapeutic proteins (about 5–10g/L) than mammalian cells in culture (about 1g/L) cost – transgenesis is cheaper than mammalian cell culture.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transgenic animals are being produced for various purposes: For research purposes such as to study the effect of a drug, its toxicity and side effects and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines. To produce a better yield of products obtained from animals as well as their nutritional enrichment such as milk.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transgenic animals can be exploited in a variety of ways to understand mechanisms of chemical toxicity. For example, a human gene encoding a drug metabolizing enzyme can be directly introduced and the effects on toxic response evaluated.