HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Vectors can be a plasmid from the bacterium, a cell from the higher organism or DNA from a virus. The target DNA is inserted into the specific sites of the vector and ligated by DNA ligase. The vector is then transformed into the host cell for replication.

Detailed explanation-2: -The final step in cloning is to incorporate the DNA of interest into the vector. Scientists mix the gene and the opened vector together with a bacterial enzyme called DNA ligase. The ligase sticks DNA ends together to form a single circular molecule that includes both the vector and the gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -After the foreign gene is inserted, another enzyme, called a ligase, is used to sew the plasmid together. Plasmids are ideal vectors for carrying the new gene into a host cell, because, in nature, plasmids are routinely passed from one bacterium to another, where they are readily accepted.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasmids are the most-commonly used bacterial cloning vectors. These cloning vectors contain a site that allows DNA fragments to be inserted, for example a multiple cloning site or polylinker which has several commonly used restriction sites to which DNA fragments may be ligated.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: When one desired DNA is carried from one species to another species via vectors, those vectors are referred to as recombinant DNA. Some vectors used in recombinant DNA technology include plasmids, artificial chromosomes, cosmids, etc.