HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Monoclonal antibodies can recognise a specific antigen . Samples of the plant tissue can be tested with the monoclonal antibody. If the pathogen’s antigens are present in the plant tissue then the monoclonal antibody sticks to it. Another antibody is then added which can bind to the monoclonal antibody.

Detailed explanation-2: -Diseased plants can be identified by abnormal growth or by signs of the disease-causing organism, such as bacterial slime (an external sign of a disease called bacterial wet wood) or insect larvae which hatches from eggs and feeds on leaves.

Detailed explanation-3: -Monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect the presence of antigens. They can also be used in different techniques which include ELISA, western blot, immunoblot blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, radioimmunology assay, electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy [26-29].