HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Insertion of sucking mouthparts into plants increases potential for the transmission of plant disease organisms. Sucking insects, such as leafhoppers moving among plants can transmit mycoplasma-like organisms that cause Peach X-disease and aster yellows. Aphids and leafhoppers transmit viruses to plants.

Detailed explanation-2: -Generally, insect pests attack the plants in three ways: (i) they cut the root, stem, and leaf, (ii) they suck the cell sap from various parts of the plant, and (iii) they bore into stem and fruits. They thus affect the health of the crop and reduce yields.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insects with chewing mouthparts, for example, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and beetles, cause feeding damage such as holes or notches in foliage and other plant parts, leaf skeletonizing (removal of tissue between the leaf veins), leaf defoliation, cutting plants off at the soil surface, or consumption of roots.