HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Other defense chemicals include enzymes and products, which are harmful to invading organisms. For example, proteinase inhibitors (PINs) in potato or tomato shoots, when ingested by the insect, inhibit the protein-digesting enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin, in the insect gut.

Detailed explanation-2: -The outer layer of a plant-analogous to our skin and also called the epidermis-is the first defense to keeping pathogens out. The epidermis itself is shielded by additional layers on certain plant parts: bark on a tree, a waxy cuticle on leaves. Plants also produce chemicals that are toxic to pathogens or to insects.