HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Explanation for the correct option: Phloem is a complex tissue which is concerned with the transport of food materials from leaves to other plant parts. Phloem is composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres. sieve tubes are longitudinally arranged cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Companion cells provide sieve tube members with proteins necessary for signaling and ATP in order to help them transfer molecules between different parts of the plant. It is the companion cells that helps transport carbohydrates from outside the cells into the sieve tube elements.

Detailed explanation-3: -Xylem and phloem are transporting systems that allow plants to move water, nutrients, and minerals. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant, while phloem moves sucrose (sugar), amino acids, and other nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Detailed explanation-4: -The glucose prepared in the leaves is converted into sugar. The sugar in the form of sucrose is moved into the companion cells and then into the living phloem sieve tube cells by active transport. This creates a hypertonic condition in the phloem. Water in xylem vessels adjacent to phloem moves through endosmosis.

Detailed explanation-5: -phloem, plant vascular tissue that conducts foods made in the leaves during photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve elements, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells.