HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Its prime function is to exchange the gases by closing and opening the pores in the leaves. It assists in eradicating excess water from the leaves. It removes oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide at the time of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -The opening and closing of stomata depend on the turgor pressure, caused by the osmotic flow of water in the guard cells. When the guard cells are turgid, they expand resulting in the opening of stomata. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid leading to stomatal closure.

Detailed explanation-3: -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma). Normally stomata open when the light strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the night.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stomata regulate gas exchange between the plant and environment and control of water loss by changing the size of the stomatal pore. This stomatal movement is affected by several environmental stimuli, such as relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and light intensity.

Detailed explanation-5: -However, when stomata are open, the inside of the plant is exposed to the elements and water from the plant is lost into the surrounding air, which can dry out the plant. Plants, therefore, must balance the intake of carbon dioxide with water vapor loss by controlling how long the stomata remain open.