HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Lower surfaces are not directly exposed to sun. This tends to reduce excessive water loss. It is a beneficial adaptation to check water loss in plants. Thus, the underside of leaves have more stomata.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stomata (singular, “stoma”) are tiny pores through which plants breathe. Stomata are found on the upper and lower sides of leaves, on flower petals, on stems, and on roots.

Detailed explanation-3: -Typically, most of the stomata (thousands per square centimeter) are located in the lower epidermis. Although most of the cells of the lower epidermis resemble those of the upper epidermis, each stoma is flanked by two sausage-shaped cells called guard cells.