HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The transduction (conversion) of light into nerve signals that the brain can understand takes placed in specialized cells in the retina called photoreceptors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photoreceptors are specialized neurons found in the retina that convert light into electrical signals that stimulate physiological processes. Signals from the photoreceptors are sent through the optic nerve to the brain for processing.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ganglion cells generate action potentials; when the cell is depolarized above a certain threshold, regenerative sodium spikes are caused. The net result is that one class of ganglion cells fires action potentials at an increased rate down the optic nerve to the brain, while the other decreases its rate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Exposure of the retina to light hyperpolarizes the rods and cones, removing the inhibition of their bipolar cells. The now-active bipolar cells in turn stimulate the ganglion cells, which send action potentials along their axons (which leave the eye as the optic nerve).