HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -A pair of guard cells surrounds each stoma, and these cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore between them. Guard cells regulate this opening and closing in response to a wide variety of environmental signals, such as day/night rhythms, CO2 availability, and temperature.

Detailed explanation-2: -Excess loss of water through the stoma, such as during a drought, triggers chemical reactions that signal water and ions to leave the guard cells. As solutes exit the guard cells, the pair “deflates, ‘’ subsequently closing the stoma like two flat balloons.

Detailed explanation-3: -Guard cells are pairs of epidermal cells that control gas diffusion by regulating the opening and closure of stomatal pores.

Detailed explanation-4: -Upon the incoming of water inside the guard cells, they swell up to become like a curved banana surface, due to which the stomatal pore opens up. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and straight and thus, close the stomatal aperture. Guard cells and stomata regulates the respiration process in plants.

Detailed explanation-5: -The opening and closing of stomata depend on the turgor pressure, caused by the osmotic flow of water in the guard cells. When the guard cells are turgid, they expand resulting in the opening of stomata. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid leading to stomatal closure.