HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -xylem, plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provides physical support. Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water-conducting cells known as tracheary elements.

Detailed explanation-2: -Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma, and fibers. Vessels consist of vessel elements joined together in files by large perforation plates, large gaps in the end walls between successive vessel elements, while tracheids have tapering ends that overlap with adjacent cells, and lack perforation plates.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mature xylem tissues are composed of three main cell types: xylem tracheary (vessel) elements, xylary fibres, and xylem parenchyma cells (Fig. 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary xylem is found in the young and growing parts of plants; in a simplified manner, it consists of protoxylem and metaxylem vessels. Protoxylem is formed during the earliest phases of development and is functionally replaced by metaxylem later.

Detailed explanation-5: -Xylem is made of four type of cells.