INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -Reduced rainfall The shift in rainfall away from the western Pacific, associated with El Niño, means that Australian rainfall is usually reduced through winter–spring, particularly across the eastern and northern parts of the continent.

Detailed explanation-2: -During El Niño events, the ocean near Australia is cooler than usual, bringing lower than average winter–spring rainfall over eastern and northern Australia. Although most major Australian droughts have been associated with El Niño events, widespread drought is certainly not guaranteed when an El Niño is present.

Detailed explanation-3: -The El Niño Southern Oscillation, or ENSO, has a big influence on Victorian climate over winter and spring. The Pacific Ocean trade winds blow from an easterly direction, pushing moist air towards Australia. This moist tropical air is a big source of rain across eastern Australia, including Victoria.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, in the Southern United States, during the fall through spring, El Niño usually causes increased rainfall and sometimes destructive flooding. La Niña, however, usually causes drier weather in the South, but the Northwest tends to be colder and wetter than average.