INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -The civilizations of the Indus Valley were among the earliest in the world to become settled or ‘urban’. There are four principal settlements known to archaeologists today; Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, in Pakistan, and Lothal and Kalibangan in western India.

Detailed explanation-2: -India’s first civilization developed in the Indus Valley because the Indus river system brings a steady source of irrigation water to the Indus Valley that made farming in this otherwise dry region possible. Regular river flooding also deposited fertile soil that was good for crops.

Detailed explanation-3: -Approximately c. 7000 BCE, farming and the domestication of animals began, about two thousand years after they did in the Fertile Crescent. To the west of the Indus River, along the foothills of Baluchistan, the remains of numerous small villages have been found that date back to this time (see Map 2.3. 2).