INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -A government review in 1996 stated that land reclamation would result in the “large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves beneath the reclamation fill”. This would disrupt the ocean’s ecosystem, lead to soil liquefaction, and pollute the water.

Detailed explanation-2: -The indirect impacts can involve geological changes and increase vulnerability to natural disasters. Reclamation processes also result in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vehicle and machinery fuel use and through the release of carbon stored in vegetation, soils and sediment in mangroves and seagrass ecosystems.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reclamation has been found to change shoreline evolution and wetland hydrology, deteriorate soil and water quality, alter vegetation succession, benthic animal and microbial communities and fisheries, and impair ecosystem functioning and services [6].

Detailed explanation-4: -Reclamations from the sea destroy the richest marine habitats. The marine areas reclaimed and turned into terrestrial areas are totally destroyed and the bodies of water enclose other areas, upsetting environmental conditions. The natural coastal space is thus progressively reduced.