INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -Minerals like petroleum and natural gas, found far below the Earth’s surface, are extracted by the process of drilling. Deep wells are dug into the Earth using a drilling rig.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most prevalent secondary recovery method today is gas drive. During this process, a well is intentionally drilled deeper than the oil reservoir. The deeper well hits a natural gas reservoir, and the high-pressure gas rises, forcing the oil out of its reservoir.

Detailed explanation-3: -Natural gas is extracted from subsurface rock formations via drilling. Advances in hydraulic fracturing technologies have enabled access to large volumes of natural gas from shale.

Detailed explanation-4: -In a process called hydraulic fracturing, drilling companies inject millions of gallons of water-mixed with a variety of chemicals and sand-into the shale at high pressure to crack the rock and release the natural gas. Different wells need different amounts of fluids, ranging from 1 to 9 million gallons.

Detailed explanation-5: -Petroleum and natural gas are formed from the dead remains of marine organisms that were buried under the sea. High temperature, high pressure, and absence of air over million of years transform these dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.