INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is lighter in colour than that of topsoil. It does not contain much humus. So, subsoil layer is less fertile than topsoil and contains few living organisms, but subsoil has rich minerals such as iron, aluminium oxides, and calcium carbonate.

Detailed explanation-2: -The C-Horizon or Saprolite is your answer. This layer is devoid of any organic matter and is made up of broken bedrock.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some soils lose their plant nutrients (humus) through clearing and the exposure of the soil to rain or wind, continuous cropping without restoring plant food or fertilizer, and the regular burning of fields. Subsoil, which contains little humus, is not fertile.

Detailed explanation-4: -A Horizon is the top layer of soil also called Topsoil. This layer is rich in various microorganisms, minerals and humus. It is the most fertile layer of soil.

Detailed explanation-5: -Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus, and it has a small amount of rocks which are smaller mixed with it.