INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays. When plants drop leaves, twigs, and other material to the ground, it piles up. This material is called leaf litter. When animals die, their remains add to the litter.

Detailed explanation-2: -Soil is a mixture of stones, water, and bits of dead plants. It is also full of millions of microorganisms. Microorganisms are too small to see.

Detailed explanation-3: -All soils consist mainly of two kinds of material: particles of minerals and rocks, and organic matter. Organic matter is any matter that is or once was living. Soil is likely to have several kinds of rock and mineral particles.

Detailed explanation-4: -Soil is the thin layer of material covering the earth’s surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. It is made up mainly of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water and living organisms-all of which interact slowly yet constantly.

Detailed explanation-5: -Soil is a material composed of five ingredients-minerals, soil organic matter, living organisms, gas, and water. Soil minerals are divided into three size classes-clay, silt, and sand (Figure 1); the percentages of particles in these size classes is called soil texture.