MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

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PHYSIOLOGY

NEUROTRANSMISSION

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
After neurotransmitters are released into the synapse activating ion gated protein channels to relay the “action potential” downstream, some of the neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron. This is known as ____, in order to “refill” the synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal.
A
threshold stimulus
B
synapse
C
action potential
D
reuptake
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -When the neurotransmitter has been secreted into the synaptic cleft, it binds to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell, thereby generating a postsynaptic electrical signal, as described in much more detail in Chapter 7.

Detailed explanation-2: -An action potential travels the length of the axon and causes release of neurotransmitter into the synapse. The action potential and consequent transmitter release allow the neuron to communicate with other neurons.

Detailed explanation-3: -The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in a localized depolarization or hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron.

Detailed explanation-4: -When neurotransmitter binds to the channel, it opens and cations flow down their concentration gradient and into the cell, causing a depolarization. Ligand-activated ion channels typically produce very quick physiological responses.

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