MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

Detailed explanation-1: -Most CPUs have first-level instruction and data caches on chip. Many also have second-level caches that are bigger but somewhat slower. Memory accesses are much faster if the data is already loaded into the first-level cache. When a program accesses data that is not in one of the caches, a cache miss occurs.

Detailed explanation-2: -A level 1 cache (L1 cache) is a memory cache that is directly built into the microprocessor, which is used for storing the microprocessor’s recently accessed information, thus it is also called the primary cache.

Detailed explanation-3: -(Level 1 cache) A memory bank built into the CPU chip. Also known as the “primary cache, ‘’ an L1 cache is the fastest memory in the computer and closest to the processor. See cache and L2 cache.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first-level (L1) cache is small enough to provide a one-or two-cycle access time. The second-level (L2) cache is also built from SRAM but is larger, and therefore slower, than the L1 cache. The processor first looks for the data in the L1 cache. If the L1 cache misses, the processor looks in the L2 cache.

Detailed explanation-5: -L1 cache, or primary cache, is extremely fast but relatively small, and is usually embedded in the processor chip as CPU cache. L2 cache, or secondary cache, is often more capacious than L1. Level 3 (L3) cache is specialized memory developed to improve the performance of L1 and L2.