MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

Detailed explanation-1: -Von Neumann bottleneck. The shared bus between the program memory and data memory leads to the von Neumann bottleneck, the limited throughput (data transfer rate) between the central processing unit (CPU) and memory compared to the amount of memory.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Von Neumann architecture consists of a single, shared memory for programs and data, a single bus for memory access, an arithmetic unit, and a program control unit. The Von Neumann processor operates fetching and execution cycles seriously.

Detailed explanation-3: -Central Processing Unit The CPU performs a variety of functions dictated by the type of instructions that are incorporated in the computer. The major components of CPU are Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and a variety of registers.

Detailed explanation-4: -The von Neumann architecture consists of the processing, control, memory, input, and output units. The control and processing units make up the CPU, which contains the ALU, the general-purpose CPU registers, and some special-purpose registers (IR and PC).

Detailed explanation-5: -The key elements of Von Neumann architecture are: data and instructions are both stored as binary . data and instructions are both stored in main memory.