MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Chronotropic effects (from chrono-, meaning time, and tropos, “a turn") are those that change the heart rate.

Detailed explanation-2: -adjective. affecting the rate or timing of a physiologic process, as the heart rate.

Detailed explanation-3: -The chronotropic response to exercise is a major contributor to the increase in cardiac output, more so than the increase in myocardial contractility. Chronotropic incompetence may be defined as the inability to increase heart rate appropriate to the degree of effort and metabolic demands.