PHYSIOLOGY
MUSCLE ENERGETICS GLYCOLYSIS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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foldings
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ATP synthase
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protein channels
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None of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -The hydrogen ions (protons) move across the biological membrane via the ATP synthase (a transport protein) when a proton gradient forms on the other side of the membrane.
Detailed explanation-2: -Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment. The pumping establishes a proton (H+) gradient. After the gradient is established, protons diffuse down the gradient through a transport protein called ATP synthase.
Detailed explanation-3: -During chemiosmosis, electron carriers like NADH and FADH donate electrons to the electron transport chain. The electrons cause conformation changes in the shapes of the proteins to pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane.
Detailed explanation-4: -During electron transport, energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space. A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow back across the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, through ATP synthase, producing ATP.