MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply NAD+. Without NAD+ the reaction which converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1, 3 biphosphoglycerate cannot take place and the process comes to a halt. The need to regenerate NAD+ is why cells undergo fermentation in the absence of oxygen.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm where one 6 carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to generate two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate. The fate of pyruvate depends on the presence or absence of mitochondria and oxygen in the cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -If NAD+ is not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis again.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule in glycolysis. It is a cofactor which regulates metabolism through its electron transport function in the redox reaction in glycolysis and the TCA cycle, In glycolysis, NAD+ reduces forming NADH and H+. If NAD+ is absent, glycolysis cannot continue.

Detailed explanation-5: -During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi–> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate.